Abstract
Purpose:
Parents of young boys seeking circumcision or circumcision revision commonly cite concern that their sons may be teased in middle or high school due to the appearance of the penis. There are no current data to substantiate or refute the likelihood of such teasing. We explored the validity of this concern by investigating the extent and frequency of teasing regarding penile appearance.
Materials and Methods:
An anonymous questionnaire was administered to undergraduate men at the University of Iowa. Participants answered questions regarding middle and high school demographics, school sports and gym class participation, and any teasing experienced or witnessed due to penile appearance in locker rooms.
Results:
A total of 290 men completed the questionnaire. Mean subject age was 19.2 years (range 17 to 24). Of the individuals surveyed 98% were required to participate in high school gym class and 96% participated in a school sport. Of the subjects 10% were teased about their penile appearance and 47% reported witnessing someone else being teased. The most common characteristic singled out was penile size. However, having an uncircumcised penis or a “strange” penile appearance accounted for 33% of the witnessed penile teasing. Only 3% of the cohort wished that they had a different penile appearance.
Conclusions:
Teasing in the locker room about penile appearance occurs frequently. While our study is limited to 1 Midwestern university population, it appears that parental concerns regarding teasing related to penile appearance are valid, although most causes of teasing may not be alleviated by surgical therapy.
References
- 1 : Circumcision decision: prominence of social concerns. Pediatrics1987; 80: 215. Google Scholar
- 2 : Circumcision. A study of current practices. Clin Pediatr (Phila)1983; 22: 575. Google Scholar
- 3 : Social norm theory and male circumcision: why parents circumcise. Am J Bioeth2003; 3: 56. Google Scholar
- 4 : Revision of circumcision in children: report of 56 cases. J Pediatr Surg2002; 37: 1343. Google Scholar
- 5 : Complications of circumcision. ScientificWorldJournal2011; 11: 2458. Google Scholar
- 6 : Late complications of newborn circumcision: a common and avoidable problem. Pediatr Surg Int2010; 26: 515. Google Scholar
- 7 : Rates of adverse events associated with male circumcision in U.S. medical settings, 2001-2010. JAMA Pediatr2014; 168: 625. Google Scholar
- 8 : Trends in in-hospital newborn male circumcision—United States, 1999-2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep2011; 60: 1167. Google Scholar
- 9 : Male circumcision. Pediatrics2012; 130: e756. Google Scholar
- 10 : Variability in penile appearance and penile findings: a prospective study. Br J Urol1997; 80: 776. Google Scholar
- 11 : Circumcision in a national sample of 4-year-old children. Br Med J1952; 2: 755. Google Scholar
- 12 : Circumcision. A continuing enigma. Aust Paediatr J1970; 6: 59. Google Scholar
- 13 : Neonatal circumcision and penile problems: an 8-year longitudinal study. Pediatrics1988; 81: 537. Google Scholar
- 14 : Complications related to anaesthesia in infants and children. A prospective survey of 40240 anaesthetics. Br J Anaesth1988; 61: 263. Google Scholar
- 15 : Association between bullying and psychosomatic problems: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics2009; 123: 1059. Google Scholar
- 16 : Children’s views on teasing and fighting in junior schools. Educ Res1991; 33: 103. Google Scholar
- 17 : A three-component model of children’s teasing: aggression, humor, and ambiguity. J Soc Clin Psychol1991; 10: 459. Google Scholar
- 18 Banks R: Bullying in Schools. ERIC Digest. Available at http://www.ericdigests.org/1997-4/bullying.htm. Accessed July 7, 2014. Google Scholar
- 19 : Bully/victim problems in school: facts and intervention. Eur J Psychol Educ1997; 12: 495. Google Scholar
- 20 : Teasing and bullying experiences of middle school students. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc2004; 10: 165. Google Scholar
- 21 : Bully/victim problems among middle school children. Br J Educ Psychol1992; 62: 73. Google Scholar
- 22 : Self-evaluated self-esteem, peer-evaluated self-esteem, and defensive egotism as predictors of adolescents’ participation in bullying situations. Pers Soc Psychol Bull1999; 25: 1268. Google Scholar
- 23 : Bullying in the playground: the impact of interpersonal violence on Australian children’s perceptions of their play environment. Child Environ1995; 12: 59. Google Scholar
- 24 : Bullying, depression, and suicidal ideation in Finnish adolescents: school survey. BMJ1999; 319: 348. Google Scholar
- 25 : Assessment of bully/victim problems in 8 to 11 year-olds. Br J Educ Psychol1996; 66: 447. Google Scholar
- 26 : Coping with peer arguments in school-age children with bully/victim problems. Br J Educ Psychol1998; 68: 387. Google Scholar
- 27 : Bullying behavior and psychosocial health among school students in New South Wales, Australia: cross sectional survey. BMJ1999; 319: 344. Google Scholar
- 28 : Bullies and victims in a school setting with reference to some Dublin schools. Ir J Psychol1994; 15: 574. Google Scholar
- 29 : Bullying and psychiatric symptoms among elementary school-age children. Child Abuse Negl1998; 22: 705. Google Scholar
- 30 : Peer victimization at school and the health of secondary school students. Br J Educ Psychol1999; 69: 95. Google Scholar