Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Analysis of the Nagahama Study for Correlates of Overactive Bladder: Genetic and Environmental Considerations
Abstract
Purpose:
The prevalence of overactive bladder is increasing globally. It has a substantial impact on quality of life and represents a heavy economic burden. We evaluated the prevalence of overactive bladder in a Japanese population and analyzed whether genetic and environmental factors influence overactive bladder.
Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was performed as part of the Nagahama cohort project. It comprised a questionnaire survey as well as anthropometric, physiological and biochemical measures, and genomic information on participants 30 to 74 years old in Nagahama, Japan. A genome-wide association study was performed in 4,645 participants, including 1,521 men and 3,124 women, using 99,059 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression was done to analyze environmental factors associated with overactive bladder.
Results:
The prevalence of overactive bladder was 11.8%, including 15.3% in men and 10.1% in women, and it increased with age. We found no significant association between overactive bladder and any single nucleotide polymorphism in the genome-wide association study. However, in the multivariable logistic regression model overactive bladder was positively associated with environmental factors, including age, depression and the consumption of cake or Japanese confection.
Conclusions:
The prevalence of overactive bladder was greater in men than in women, especially among the elderly. Environmental factors rather than genetic variants more likely contribute to overactive bladder.
References
- 1 : The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function: report from the Standardisation Sub-committee of the International Continence Society. Neurourol Urodyn2002; 21: 167. Google Scholar
- 2 : How widespread are the symptoms of an overactive bladder and how are they managed? A population-based prevalence study. BJU Int2001; 87: 760. Google Scholar
- 3 : Prevalence and burden of overactive bladder in the United States. World J Urol2003; 20: 327. Google Scholar
- 4 : An epidemiological survey of overactive bladder symptoms in Japan. BJU Int2005; 96: 1314. Google Scholar
- 5 : Population-based survey of urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and other lower urinary tract symptoms in five countries: results of the EPIC study. Eur Urol2006; 50: 1306. Google Scholar
- 6 : Prevalence, risk factors, and impact on health related quality of life of overactive bladder in China. Neurourol Urodyn2011; 30: 1448. Google Scholar
- 7 : The prevalence and risk factors of OAB in middle-aged and old people in China. Neurourol Urodyn2014; 33: 387. Google Scholar
- 8 : Racial differences in the prevalence of overactive bladder in the United States from the epidemiology of LUTS (EpiLUTS) study. Urology2012; 79: 95. Google Scholar
- 9 : Worldwide prevalence estimates of lower urinary tract symptoms, overactive bladder, urinary incontinence and bladder outlet obstruction. BJU Int2011; 108: 1132. Google Scholar
- 10 : Genetic influences are important for most but not all lower urinary tract symptoms: A population-based survey in a cohort of adult Swedish twins. Eur Urol2011; 59: 1032. Google Scholar
- 11 : Association between polymorphism of beta3-adrenoceptor gene and overactive bladder. Neurourol Urodyn2014; 33: 400. Google Scholar
- 12 : The relationship between the Trp 64 Arg polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenoceptor gene and idiopathic overactive bladder. Am J Obstet Gynecol2011; 205: 82.e10. Google Scholar
- 13 : Symptom assessment tool for overactive bladder syndrome-overactive bladder symptom score. Urology2006; 68: 318. Google Scholar
- 14 : A novel blood pressure-independent arterial wall stiffness parameter; cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). J Atheroscler Thromb2006; 13: 101. Google Scholar
- 15 : Genomic control for association studies. Biometrics1999; 55: 997. Google Scholar
- 16 : GCTA: A tool for genome-wide complex trait analysis. Am J Hum Genet2011; 88: 76. Google Scholar
- 17 : Genetic contributions to urgency urinary incontinence in women. J Urol2015; 193: 2020. Link, Google Scholar
- 18 : Differences in prevalence of urinary incontinence by race/ethnicity. J Urol2006; 175: 259. Link, Google Scholar
- 19 : Risk factors for new-onset overactive bladder in older subjects: results of the Fujiwara-kyo study. Urology2012; 80: 71. Google Scholar
- 20 : The association of diet and other lifestyle factors with overactive bladder and stress incontinence: a longitudinal study in women. BJU Int2003; 92: 69. Google Scholar
- 21 : The association of adiposity and overactive bladder appears to differ by gender: results from the Boston Area Community Health Survey. J Urol2011; 185: 955. Link, Google Scholar
- 22 : Enhancement of rat bladder contraction by artificial sweeteners via increased extracellular Ca2+ influx. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol2006; 217: 216. Google Scholar
- 23 : Alterations of M2,3-muscarinic receptor protein and mRNA expression in the bladder of the fructose fed obese rat. J Urol2007; 178: 1537. Link, Google Scholar
- 24 : An integrated map of genetic variation from 1,092 human genomes. 1000 Genomes Project Consortium. Nature2012; 491: 56. Google Scholar
